Density: 3.214 grams per cubic centimeter 5. Although ions in positive oxidation states are not very stable, high oxidation numbers are stabilized by coordination, mainly with oxygen and fluorine. As all halogens, it is thus one electron short of a full octet, and is thus a strong oxidizing agent, interacting with other elements to complete its outer shell. 2 Specific Heat: gas (Cl ) 2 Up to date, curated data provided by Mathematica's ElementData function from Wolfram Research, Inc. Click here to buy a book, photographic periodic table poster, … This hydrate is characterized by a structure that is more open than that of ice; the unit cell contains 46 molecules of water and 6 cavities suitable for the chlorine molecules. Chlorine is only slightly soluble in water (0.3% to 0.7%) depending on the water temperature. Physical properties are usually those that can be observed using our senses such as color, luster, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, density, hardness and odor. It is a greenish yellow gas with a boiling point of -29°F (-34°C) at normal atmospheric pressure and a freezing point of -151°F (-101.5°C). Many materials that burn in oxygen (air) atmospheres will also burn in chlorine atmospheres. Some of the chemical/physical properties of chlorine include: Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. Chlorine can undergo addition or substitution reactions with organic compounds. Chlorine is a greenish-yellow chemical element and belongs to the group of halogens. Reactions with Organic Compounds
Its high affinity for hydrogen allows chlorine to react with many compounds containing hydrogen. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is an element used in industry and found in some household products. At standard temperature and pressure, in its gas state, two chlorine atoms form the diatomic molecule: Cl2. Number of isotopes (atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons): 24. Chlorine is a chemical element with atomic number 17 which means there are 17 protons and 17 electrons in the atomic structure. This elemen… Arlington, VA 22209, Spanish Resources - Recursos en Español del Instituto del Cloro, The temperature at which liquid chlorine vaporizes, The mass of a unit volume of chlorine at the critical pressure and temperature, The vapor pressure of liquid chloride at the critical temperature, The temperature above which chlorine exists only as a gas no matter how great the pressure, The volume of a unit mass of chlorine at the critical pressure and temperature. The gas is easily liquefied by cooling or by pressures of a few atmospheres at ordinary temperature. Thus, vanadium forms a pentafluoride, whereas the pentachloride is unknown, and sulfur gives a hexafluoride but no hexachloride. It is an ingredient in many cleaning products because chlorine inhibits the growth of bacteria in the water. By itself, it is not combustible, but many of its reactions with different compounds are exothermic and produce heat. Ratio of gas specific heat at constant pressure to gas specific heat at constant volume. Chlorine is a chemical element with the symbol Cl and atomic number 17. In its liquid and solid form it is a powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and … Chlorine has a high electronegativity and a high electron affinity, the latter being even slightly higher than that of fluorine. Chlorine is a green yellow gas with a very pungent odour that is twice as dense as air. The chemical symbol for Chlorine is Cl. Number of stable isotopes: 2 9. The mass of a unit volume of chlorine at specified conditions of temperature and pressure. Many organic chemicals react readily with chlorine, sometimes violently. The gas is greenish yellow in … Atomic weight (average mass of the atom): 35.453 4. The absolute pressure of chlorine gas above liquid chlorine when they are in equilibrium, The measure of internal molecular friction when chlorine molecules are in motion. Chlorine will support combustion under certain conditions. Chlorine reacts with hydrocarbons, for example, substituting chlorine atoms for the hydrogen atoms successively. Five oxides—chlorine monoxide (Cl2O), chlorine dioxide (ClO2), chlorine perchlorate (Cl2O4), dichlorine hexoxide (Cl2O6), and dichlorine heptoxide (Cl2O7)—all highly reactive and unstable, have been indirectly synthesized. (a) Halogen is a Greek word which means salt-former’. The weight of one volume of liquid chlorine equals the weight of 456.5 volumes of chlorine gas. Chlorine is a member of the halogen group of elements and directly combines with almost all … Find physical and chemical properties of Chlorine (Cl) like element name, symbol, atomic number, atomic weight, density, color, melting point, boiling point, physical state at room temperature, isotopes, compounds, half life period, category, year of discovery and more Chlorine usually forms compounds with a valence of -1 but it can combine with a valence of +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, or +7. The heat required to raise the temperature of a unit weight of chlorine one degree. It bleaches in the presence of water due to the formation of oxochlorate(I) acid, HOCl. Chlorine is easily reduced, making it a good oxidation agent. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chlorine is a toxic, corrosive, greenish yellow gas that is irritating to the eyes and to the respiratory system. It is two and a half times heavier than air. Chlorine gas is greenish-yellow and combines readily with nearly all other elements. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. See Pamphlet 121 for more information. Chlorine molecules are composed of two atoms (Cl2). The reaction is initiated very easily much the same way as hydrogen and oxygen. If the hydrocarbon is unsaturated, however, chlorine atoms readily add to the double or triple bond. Phase at room temperature: Gas 6. The chemical symbol for chlorine is Cl. Moist chlorine, primarily because of the hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids formed through hydrolysis, is very corrosive to most common metals. Chlorine has the electron configuration [Ne]3s23p5, with the seven electrons serving as its valence electrons in the third and outermost shell. Chlorine has a characteristic penetrating and irritating odor. Notes on the properties of Chlorine: Density: Density given for Cl at 0° Celsius. Aside from the −1 oxidation states of some chlorides, chlorine exhibits +1, +3, +5, and +7 oxidation states, respectively, in the following ions: hypochlorite (ClO−), chlorite (ClO−2), chlorate (ClO−3), and perchlorate (ClO−4). Platinum, silver, tantalum and titanium are resistant. It becomes a liquid at −34 °C (−29 °F). When the hydrate stands, disproportionation takes place; that is, one chlorine atom in the molecule is oxidized, and the other is reduced. For this property, this chemical is used to sterilize drinking water as well as swimming pools. Q: Where is chlorine present in nature? Proper methods must be followed, whether in laboratory or plant, when organic materials are reacted with chlorine. Chlorine has two stable isotopes chlorine-35 and chlorine-37with Chlorine-35 accounting for roughly 3 out of every 4 naturally occurring chlorine atoms. The data on physical properties of chlorine as determined by different investigators show some variations. chlorine is a gaseous bleaching agent. It was discovered in 1770’s and soon became useful as a commercial agent.It is found easily in natural state. Chlorine is the second halogen in the periodic table, being a nonmetal in group 17. Chemical. It can be considered as a bleaching agent. The Physical properties of Chlorine are the characteristics that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity, behind only oxygen and fluorine. Chlorine is a chemical element, one of roughly 90 basic building blocks of matter. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. Chlorine combines with almost all the elements, except for the lighter noble gases, to give chlorides; those of most metals are ionic crystals, whereas those of the semimetals and nonmetals are predominantly molecular. Chlorine reacts explosively with hydrogen in a range of 4% to 93% hydrogen. In the presence of dry chlorine, titanium is flammable. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. Properties: Chlorine has a melting point of -100.98°C, boiling point of -34.6°C, density of 3.214 g/l, specific gravity of 1.56 (-33.6°C), with a valence of 1, 3, 5, or 7. The affinity of chlorine for hydrogen is so great that the reaction proceeds with explosive violence in light, as in the following equation (where hν is light): In the presence of charcoal, the combination of chlorine and hydrogen takes place rapidly (but without explosion) in the dark. Chlorine has a pungent, irritating odor similar to … The table shows the colour and physical states. However the bonding between the two atoms is fairly weak, so the Cl2 molecule is highly At the same time, the solution becomes acidic, as shown in the following equation: in which the oxidation numbers are written above the atomic symbols. The melting point of chlorine is 171.6 degrees Kelvin or -100.55 degrees Celsius or degrees Celsius. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Chlorine is a greenish-yellow, diatomic, dense gas with a sharp smell (the smell of bleach). Phone: (703) 894-4140
Boiling point: minus 29.27 F (minus 34.04 C) 8. 1300 Wilson Blvd., Suite 525
The products of reaction with chlorine usually are chlorides with high oxidation numbers, such as iron trichloride (FeCl3), tin tetrachloride (SnCl4), or antimony pentachloride (SbCl5), but it should be noted that the chloride of highest oxidation number of a particular element is frequently in a lower oxidation state than the fluoride with the highest oxidation number. Taken from Chlorine Basics (Pamphlet 1). PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CHLORINE Page in Marketizer.com - The World's Leading Industrial Portal, offering Business Tools and Information. Chlorine is a gas, a very common element, found in many chemicals used in our everyday life. Chlorine (Cl), chemical element, the second lightest member of the halogen elements, or Group 17 (Group VIIa) of the periodic table. Consult CI Pamphlet 6 (11.1) for detailed information on reactivity with metals. The atomic number for chlorine is 17. and chemical properties. Care should be taken to make sure titanium materials are not used in dry chlorine service. HOCl is unstable and decomposes to release oxygen which oxidizes the dye to form a colourless compound. Chlorine occurs in nature mainly as common salt (NaCl), carnallite [ KMgCl 2.6(H 2 O) ], and sylvite (KCl). Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. Chlorine gas is two and one half times as heavy as air, has an intensely disagreeable suffocating odor, and is exceedingly poisonous. Chlorine gas can be pressurized and cooled to change it into a liquid so that it can be shipped and stored. Comprehensive data on the chemical element Chlorine is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Chlorine. People who work with chlorine gas are trained in all aspects of its safe handling. However the resulting water phase is extremely corrosive, see Reactions with Metals below. Reactions with Water
This can be downloaded from our bookstore. The weight of chlorine which can be dissolved in a given amount of water at a given temperature when the total vapor pressure of chlorine and the water equals a designated value. With sulfur, even the tetrachloride is unstable. A: Chlorine is the 19th most abundant chemical element in the Earth. Hence, its properties are similar to fluorine, bromine, and iodine, and are generally intermediate among those of the first two. (b) This is because halogens are reactive non-metals. Chlorine is a greenish yellow gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It is not found free in nature as it combines readily with nearly all other elements. The displacement of bromides, for example, occurs according to the following equation: Furthermore, it converts several oxides into chlorides. Physicochemical properties of chlorine (1,2) [Conversion factor in air: 1 ppm = 2.9 mg/m3] Property Value Boiling point -34.6 °C Melting point -101 °C Density 3.214 g/litre at 0 °C and 101.3 kPa Vapour pressure 480 Pa at 0 °C Water solubility 14.6 g/litre at 0 °C Organoleptic properties The gas is greenish yellow in color and the liquid is clear amber. The first ionization energy of chlorine is high. Atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus): 17 2. Chlorine’s tendency to combine with other elements and compounds has been used to produce thousands of essential products, from drinking water disinfectants to solar energy panels to replacement knee and hip joints. The chemical symbol for Chlorine is Cl. Two of the more common metals are titanium and steel. This excellent warning property enables rapid escape from chlorine gas. Atomic symbol (on the Periodic Table of Elements): Cl 3. Chlorine is a chemical element with atomic number 17 which means there are 17 protons and 17 electrons in the atomic structure. The heat required to evaporate a unit weight of chlorine. Chlorine reacts with many organic compounds to form chlorinated derivatives. An important specific compound of concern is hydrogen. they exist naturally in various mineral salts in […] It is two and a half times heavier than air. Chlorine is neither explosive nor flammable. Over 200 years ago, a young Swedish researcher, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, discovered chlorine. The reaction rate of dry chlorine with most metals increases rapidly above a temperature which is characteristic for the metal. Email: info@cl2.com
The volume of a unit mass of chlorine at specified conditions of temperature and pressure. Chlorine was the first gas used in chemical warfare in World War I. The reaction of chlorine with alkaline solutions yields salts of oxyacids. Steel is the most common material used in dry chlorine service. Physical and Chemical Properties of Group 17 Elements Group 17 Elements: The Halogens The elements in Group 17 are: Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine These elements are known as halogens. Alcohol. A yellow-green gas that has a distinctive strong odor, like the smell of bleach. In such compounds bonding is predominantly covalent, and chlorine is capable of exhibiting the oxidation numbers +1, +3, +4, +5, +6, and +7. As little as one part per thousand in air causes death within a few minutes, but less than one part per million may be tolerated. It becomes a liquid at −34 °C (−29 °F). Chlorine-36 is also known naturally and is a radioactive isotope with a half life of about 30,000 years. Signs and Symptoms of Acute Chlorine Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to chlorine may include tachycardia (rapid heart rate), hypertension (high blood pressure) followed by hypotension (low blood pressure), and cardiovascular collapse. Physical and chemical properties Chlorine is a greenish yellow gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Chlorine is an element with atomic number 17 in the periodic table and the chemical symbol Cl. 1. At temperatures above 300°F (149°C) a chlorine/steel fire can result. Properties At room temperature, pure chlorine is a yellow-green gas. The name chlorine is derived from chloros, meaning green, referring to the color of the gas. Chlorine water loses its efficiency as an oxidizing agent on standing, because hypochlorous acid gradually decomposes. Physical It is about 2.5 times denser than air. Chlorine. Chlorine displaces the heavier, less electronegative halogens, bromine and iodine, from compounds. It is a chemical element belongs to the halogen group with the symbol Cl. The pure chemcal element has the physical form of a diatomic green gas. Chlorine has a characteristic penetrating and irritating odor. Melting point: minus 150.7 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 101.5 degrees C) 7. The ratio of the density of chlorine gas at standard conditions to the density of air under the same conditions: The ratio of the density of saturated liquid chlorine to the density of water at its maximum density - 39°(4°C). Physical properties. The temperature at which solid chlorine melts or liquid chlorine solidifies. Reactions with Metals
It is important to make sure steel in chlorine service does not go above this temperature either through internal/external heating or mechanical abrasion. Chlorine is sometimes in the form of a poisonous gas. An example is the conversion of iron trioxide to the corresponding chloride: Chlorine is moderately soluble in water, yielding chlorine water, and from this solution a solid hydrate of ideal composition, Cl2∙7.66H2O, is obtained. The halogens show trends in their physical. It depends on whether it's physical or chemical. It has a choking smell, and inhalation causes suffocation, constriction of the chest, tightness in the throat, and—after severe exposure—edema (filling with fluid) of the lungs. Because of its reactivity and bonding characteristics, chlorine has become an essential chemical building block, leading to a myriad of materials that are used to make the products we use every day for public health, safety, nutrition, security, transportation, lifestyle and high-tech innovation. Chlorine is corrosive and may be converted to hydrochloric acid in the lungs. A jet of hydrogen will burn in chlorine with a silvery flame. View More Information about: CHLORINE More Information about Buying, Selling and doing Business with CHLORINE Suppliers / Providers of CHLORINE … Some reactions can be extremely violent, especially those with hydrocarbons, alcohols and ethers. In the healthcare setting, “alcohol” refers to two water-soluble chemical compounds—ethyl …